扩张性政策定义和实例|

它是什么：

扩张性政策或扩张性货币政策是美联储在使用工具时以增加货币供应以刺激或增长经济。

工作原理（实例）：

扩张性政策 通常由美联储通过制定一个更多的这些策略：

降低联邦贴现率

通过降低贴现率，银行向银行借贷的费用，美联储寻求降低整体利率，从而降低资金成本和可用性。

降低准备金要求

准备金要求是银行必须保留的金额。降低这些储备使银行能够获得更多的资金用于贷款和投资。

公开市场操作

通过在公开市场购买证券，美联储向经济注入更多资金。例如，购买国债在理论上具有提高价格的作用（由更多购买引起），从而降低收益率。

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为什么重要：

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这些策略主要通过降低利率来提高资金利用率。通过让借钱更便宜，美联储寻求增加投资，从而增加雇用和消费，并推动整体经济增长。然而，这项政策确实存在风险。

如果经济中更多的美元在相对基础上追逐更少的货物，太多容易导致通货膨胀。美联储可以通过使用相同策略的紧缩货币政策（提高贴现率，提高准备金要求以及在公开市场上出售证券）来减少通货膨胀，从而减少货币供应和抵消通货膨胀。